CHAPTER+2+(LITERATURE+REVIEW)

= CHAPTER 2 =

** LITERATURE REVIEW **

**2.0 Literature Review**

In the previous chapter, we have explained the objectives of this study. To provide a clearer understanding of this study, we will discuss a few articles that are relevant to this research. The relevant issues that we are going to discuss in this chapter are cleanliness in the campus including cafeteria, library and the surrounding area.

A memo from students representative council 08/09 found that the cleanliness in the library is very poor due to students eating, drinking and littering around. Weisz (2002) commented, ‘walking into the cafeteria is frustrating enough as it is. There is never a place to sit. There are not enough tables. The food is expensive and often not nourishing. But to top it all off, there is a pile of garbage and leftover food at the only empty tables’. It is so dirty and disgusting, who ever seen a place as this will go to another place. A simile which is ‘people who leave their trash all over the cafeteria are most likely the same people who make bathrooms unbearable by not flushing toilets or scattering toilet paper everywhere’ (Weisz, 2002).

Peter Nickerson said that ‘the issues related to cleanliness, which are budgetary in nature’ (cited in Lewandowski, 2001). From the Lewandowski report, Michael Dupre referred back to two years ago, ‘when he said facilities had set aside money - in a tight budget, no less – to landscape various areas of the campus. Within a week, he said, cigarette butts and other debris littered the newly gardened areas’. ‘The overall cleanliness problem contributed from the people attitude’. Students representative council 08/09 agreed with Dupre that, if management of university adds on new facilities the immoral behavior of students will damage the facilities. With that, the management of library set a condition that library may abolish students privilege of using the library if students do not follow the rules.

The most important factor in determining which restaurant and cafeteria instead of stalls selection ‘included item such as taste, atmosphere, price, nutritional content, coupons, language, ethnic specialty and cleanliness’ (**Elder, Sallis and Michell M. Zive, 1999**). Everyone wants to find a clean place to sit and to eat. Everyone will not sit at the table where there is trash on it. Refer to Weisz (2002) findings that ‘you don't enjoy sitting at a table with someone else's trash stacked on top of it, and neither does anybody else’. So, it is true what **John Elder, James Sallis and Michell M. Zive** findings that ‘cleanliness was rated as the most highly valued aspect of restaurant selection among almost all respondents’.

As the conclusion, nobody wants to live in a dirty place. So, people must clean their own trash and put it into the dustbin. People should respect other students and themselves enough to treat their environment, especially a place as public as the school cafeteria, the way they would treat a room in their home that they like to keep looking nice (Weisz, 2002).